ࡱ> ]_\a jbjbtt = (  (y,cR3 n\fI0y((((The Independent Man: Citizenship and Gender Politics in Georgian England. By Matthew McCormack. Manchester University Press. 2005. ix + 222pp. 55.00. This is a very thoughtful and thought-provoking study of the meaning of the term independent in Georgian England. As John Barrells Imagining the Kings Death (2000) did with the word imagine, so this book shows that a rich study of the usage of a single word can shed a generous quantity of light, in this case on the political mindset of England throughout the long eighteenth century. McCormack demonstrates that independence was not simply a relational term, but one which implied a condition or status, connoting manners, masculinity, personal virtue, national character, and, crucially, one which bestowed the qualification for political citizenship. None of this, perhaps, is absolutely novel, but he moves beyond high politics and social history to combine the two in a fascinating discussion of electoral history. He charts the shift from the emergence of a neo-classical political creed based on the independent citizen during the English Civil War to a definition of the independent man by 1832 which allowed the electorate to be substantially widened. He argues that the Great Reform Act was not a triumph in which power was wrested from the upper classes, but rather the result of a change over the previous decades in the scope of the definition of the independent man, the legitimate political participant (p.10). McCormack has many useful things to say about gender politics along the way, although the subtitle of the book correctly places gender politics after citizenship as the minor theme. For instance, it has now frequently been argued that the ideology of separate spheres was not a description of social reality, but McCormacks contention in chapter 1 that it could be used as a political idiom is illuminating: reformers emphasised the independence and domestic mastery of humble men in order to make a moral case for wider male access to political rights (p.21). Indeed, this book is dense with stimulating material to be pondered: to take just one example, McCormacks unpicking of the common conflation of the terms loyalism and patriotism by historians of the 1790s, to show that they were two different commitments (p.141) which might be held together or not by the same people at different times, is very helpful, as is his further comment that conservatism, reaction, and counter-revolutionary are also often lazily used as synonyms of the same phenomenon. Although the book is slightly inaccessibly written at some points, and rather censorious at others, it greatly repays the effort of reading it. ҪԹ EMMA MACLEOD I_8h/h@3OJQJh4h@36OJQJh4h@3OJQJ h4h@3h@3h4h@35h4h@356   $dha$gd@3dhgd@3dhgd@3.:p@3}. 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@UnknownGTimes New Roman5Symbol3 Arial3Times 1hvҪeӪk!4 &HThe Independent Man: Citizenship and Gender Politics in Georgian EnglandAuthorized UserAuthorized User Oh+'0X, DP l x 'IThe Independent Man: Citizenship and Gender Politics in Georgian EnglandKAuthorized UserΠNormalAuthorized User4ΠMicrosoft Word 11.2@B@VG@pnGVPICTVIR ,, MSWD ,Times 2.(Y,The-f)Q -)!#Independent Man: Citizenship and Ge-(Yn-)der-)B -)!Politics-) -)!in-)* -)!Georgian-) -)!England.-f) -)!B-)!y -(,Matthew McCormack-(.-)  Manchester University P-(r-)ess.- Q)I -) 2005.-)q -) i-)x-) +- Q)) -) 222pp-)}.-)  55.0-)~0-).-\)  -(, -*WThis-)Y -) is a very thoughtfu-(]Xl-)  -) and thought(]--)p-)rovo-)\k-)ing-f)@ -) study-)l -) of-f)* -) the-)= -) meaning-f) -) o-)f-) -) the ter-)m -(,independent in Georgi(an-)/ -) England.- Q) -) As-)7 -) John- Q)^ -) Barr-)Ye-)lls- Q)@ -) Imagining the Kings Death( -) (-)2000)- Q)u -) di-)'d -( ,with-)Y -)$the word imagine, so this book sho- Q( w-)%s-`) -)that-`)K -)a- Q) -)rich-`)N -)study- 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-(h, electoral-=) -)&history. He charts the shift from the -(he-)mergence-) -)of-)* -)a-) -)n)eo)/-) classical-=) -)political cree- Q(hid -(,based- @z)q -) on the independent citizen durin-(vg- @z) -)the-)= E-)8nglish-)z -)Civil-)d -)War-)V -)t-)o- @z) -)a defini-)t-) ion-)@ -)o-)f- @z) -)th-)8e -(, independent - ) -)man by 1832 whic- Q(h - ) -) allowed the- Q) e-). lectorate-) -)to- Q)' -)be-)/ -)su- Q),b-) stantially-) -)widened.- Q) -)H- Q)$e -(l,argues-G) -)that the- Q) -)Great-)o -)Reform- Q) -)Act-)H - Q)w-)%as-)) -)no- Q)2t-G) -)a tri- Q)Tu-)mph-)Y -)in- Q)' -)w)$hich-G)V -)power w- Q)a-)s-) -)wr- Q)5e-)sted-)P -)from- Q)b -)the-)= -(,upper-`)r -)class- Q)`e-)s,- Q)  -)but- Q)@ -)rather- Q)u -)the- Q)= -)result- Q)o -)of- Q)* a-`)& -)change o- Q)v-)er- Q)' -)the- Q)= -)previous- Q) -)deca- Q)[d-)es- Q)) -)in- Q)' -)th- Q)'e-`) -)sco- Q)Bp-)e- Q) -)of- Q)* -)th- Q)'e-) (, definition o-)f-) th-)Ee-) independent- Q( -) man-)V-),- Q)  -) th-)'e-) legitima-)t-) e- Q) -) political-) -) participan-)t-) - Q) -) (-)p-).10-)?)-).-\)  -+(p, -) McCormack - ) -)h- Q)a-)s - `3) -)many- Q)o -)u- Q)s-)eful - `3)N -)things- Q)z -)to - `3)' -)say-`)B -)ab- Q)/o-)u)t - ) -)gender politics along the way,-@z(p -(,although the subtitle o-(f-) the- Q)J -) book-)d -) co-)/r-)rectly- Q)r -) places-)| -) gender- Q) -) politics-) -) after- Q)\ -) citizenship-) -) as- Q)) -) the-)= -) min-)Nor -(,theme.-`) -)For instance, it h- Q(a-)s- Q) -)now- Q)V -) frequently- Q) b-))een- Q)E -)a- Q)r-)gued- Q)a -)that- Q)K -)th- Q)'e-`) -) ideology of - Q)s-)eparate-`) -)sphere- Q)s -(t,was- Q)M -)not a description of social (treality,- Q) -)5but McCormacks contention in chapter 1 that it could-\(t -(,be-`)/ -)use- Q)Bd-`) -)a- Q)s-`) -)a political idiom - Q(i-)s- ) -) illuminating:- Q( -) reformers- ) -`) -)emphas- Q)i-)sed- )B -)th- Q)'e-`) -) independenc- Q)e-`) -)an- Q)/d -( !,domestic-`) -)mas- Q)Pt-)ery- )@ -)of- Q)* -)humble- ) -)men- Q)V -)i- Q)n-`) -) order to m- Q)a-)ke- )/ -)a- Q) -)moral- )u - Q)c-)as- Q))e-`) -)for wider male - Q( !a-)cce- Q)Bs-)s- ) -)t- Q)o -( x,political rights( x` (-)p-).21)-)P.-)  Indeed,- Q) -) this-)H -) book- Q)d -) is-)! -) dense- Q)q -) with-)Y -) stimulating- Q) -) material-) -) to- Q)' -) be-)/ -) pondered:- Q) -) t-)o -( ,take - )S -)just one example, - Q( %M-)- cCormacks - `3) -)unpickin- Q)g - ) -)%of the common conflation of the terms-@z(  -( %, loyalism-G) -)and patriotis-( %m-)&- ) -)by-)2 -) historians- ) -)of-)* -)the- )= -)1-)790s,- )k -)to-)' -)show- )i -)that-)K -)they- )V -)were-)a -)two- )K -)differen-)t)  -( {, commitments-`( {< -)(p.141)-`) -) which mig-)h-)t-=) -)be-)/ -)held-=)V -)toge-)Vt-) her-=)@ -)or-)* -)not-=)@ -)by-)2 -)the-=)= -)same-)f -)people-=) -)at-)$ -)differen-)t -( ,times,- Q)y -)is very helpful-( ,- Q)  -)as is his further comment t-(  h-)at-`)$ -)conservatism,-(  -) reaction-)-),-`)  -)and-)H -)count-)e-)r-)--( ), revolutionary-( ):- Q) -) are also ofte-)n- Q) -).lazily used as synonyms of the same phenomenon-( )c.- Q)  -)Althoug-)h- Q) -)th-)'e -( ,book- Q)d -)Uis slightly inaccessibly written at some points, and rather censorious at others, it -( g-)reatly ( ,repays the effor-( gt-)  o-)&f-) reading- Q) -) i-) t-).-)  -\)  -( ,,ҪԹ-( , -+) ) ) ) ) ) -) -)  -)  - Q) -)  -\) - Q)  -) EMMA-) -) MACLEOD-)  ! ! ! !  ! ! !  ! ! !  ! ! !  ! ! !  ! ! !  ! ! !  ! ! !  ! ! ! ՜.+,0 `hpx  '  IThe Independent Man: Citizenship and Gender Politics in Georgian England Title  !"#$%&()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSUVWXYZ[^Root Entry FSf`1TableWordDocument=SummaryInformation('XDocumentSummaryInformation8TCompObjX FMicrosoft Word DocumentNB6WWord.Document.8