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Citation

Lee G, Seo D, Kim S, Yun J & Kim T (2025) Usability and Acceptability Evaluation of EMS smart Suit based on Physiological Efficacy Exercise intervention. the 30th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science, Rimini (Italy, IT), 01.07.2025-04.07.2025.

Abstract
Introduction Electrical Muscle Stimulation (EMS) technology has been developed as an effective approach to reduce age-related decline in muscle mass and strength. Wearable EMS smart clothing enables targeted muscle activation during low-intensity exercise and potentially provides an accessible alternative to high-intensity training. However, while usability and acceptability are crucial for long-term adherence, investigations combining these aspects with physiological efficacy remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate the usability and acceptability of EMS smart suits alongside a physiologically effective exercise intervention to inform optimal wearable design strategies. Methods Healthy participants aged 20–50 years without musculoskeletal disorders were recruited and randomised into two groups: an exercise group using EMS smart clothing (comparing a prototype EMS system to commercial EMS wearables), and a control group. Both groups participated in a 6-week exercise intervention, performing low-intensity, full-body, and postural exercises (including squats, lunges, wide squats, crunches, over-extensions, and table holding) three times per week for 30 min per session. Usability and acceptability were evaluated using structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews that addressed aspects such as comfort, fit, ease of use, and perceived effectiveness of EMS stimulation. Additionally, physiological efficacy was measured by assessing body composition, muscle mass, and postural stability using a body composition analyser and postural assessment tools, before and after the intervention. Results Participants using the prototype EMS smart clothing reported significantly higher usability and acceptability scores compared to those using commercial devices, particularly in terms of comfort and fit. However, device weight and suboptimal electrode placement were identified as key barriers. Despite positive subjective usability outcomes, no statistically significant physiological changes were observed over the six-week period. Discussion The integration of usability, acceptability, and physiological efficacy measures in this study highlights the complex interplay between device design and user experience. While the prototype EMS system demonstrated improved comfort and user satisfaction, addressing issues such as device weight and electrode placement is essential for enhancing both immediate usability and long-term adherence. Future research should explore extended interventions and design refinements to further validate the physiological benefits and ensure seamless integration of EMS smart wear into everyday routines.

Keywords
smart clothing: usability; acceptability; physiological efficacy; wearable technology; exercise intervention